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Objective: To investigate the effects of acetaminophen on the hemodynamics, left ventricular function and plasma level of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in the premature young rats, and to clarify its mechanism in the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in the premature infants. Methods: The pregnant rats were injected intraperitoneally with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to prepare the premature young rat models. The premature young rats were divided into model control group (n=18) and administration group (n= 19); another 10 young rats with normal gestratonal age were selected and used as blank control group. The young rats in blank control group didn' t receive any treatment, the young rats in model control group were not given any drug, and the premature young rats in administration group were continunously administrated with acetaminophen for 3 d. Color Doppler ultrasonography was used to detect the hemodynamic parameters of the young rats in various groups, including left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDd), left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESd), fractional shortening (FS), left ventricular end-systolic volume (ESV), and left ventricular end-diastolic volume (EDV). The plasma BNP levels of young rats were detected. Results: The body weights of the young rats in administration group and model control group were lower than that in blank control group ( P0.05). Compared with blank control group, the plasma BNP level of the young rats in model control group was significantly increased (P= 0.004); compared with model control group, the plasma BNP level of the young rats in administration group was significantly decreased (P= 0.009). Conclusion: Acetaminophen can protect the left ventricular function of the young rats by improving the hemodynamic indicators and reducing the plasma BNP level.
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Objective:Using the model of young rats with intermittent hypoxia, to study the expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) in liver, and to provide objective evidence for the possible existence of growth retardation in children with OSAHS. Method:Divided 24 rats randomly into three groups, as control group and the mild and severe hypoxia group. Normally fed control group, without treatment, the other two groups were kept in the cabin has been simulated mild and severe intermittent hypoxia conditions of OSAHS in children. 8-hour day cycle of intermittent hypoxia, a total of 35 days. To the last day, animals were sacrificed and fresh liver tissues were fixed in liquid nitrogen, stored in the -80°C refrigerator, then took the molecular biology experiment of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in the liver. Result:The expression of IGF-1 mRNA in liver, semi-quantitative analysis showed that the difference of mRNA expression of IGF-1 among the three groups was statistically significant (P<0.05), pairwise comparison, mild hypoxia group was higher than control and severe group, there were significant differences (P<0.05), the control group and severe hypoxia had no significant difference (P>0.05). The expression of IGFBP-3 mRNA in liver showed that, differences between the three groups was not significant (P>0.05). IGF-1 expression in liver tissue analysis showed that, differences between the three groups was statistically significant (P<0.05), pairwise comparisons, its expression in the control group was lower than mild hypoxia group and severe group, there were significant differences (P<0.05), mild hypoxia and severe hypoxia group had no significant difference (P>0.05). IGFBP-3 expression in liver tissue analysis showed that, differences between the three groups was statistically significant (P<0.05), pairwise comparisons, the control group was higher than mild and severe hypoxic group, there were significant differences (P<0.05), mild hypoxia and severe hypoxia group had no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion:IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in the liver of mild hypoxia group, severe hypoxic group and control group showed that their transcription levels and the severity of hypoxia had no significant correlation.
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Objective To investigate the effect of different time intervention of Zhu Lian acupuncture exciting method on nerve cell apoptosis and tissue expressions of PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase), AKt (serine/threonine kinase) and Caspase-3 (cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3) proteins in young rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage.Methods Fifty 7-day-old rats were randomized into groups A (acupuncture exciting methodⅠ), B (acupuncture exciting methodⅡ), C (model), D (sham operation) and E (normal control), 10 rats each. Groups A and E began to receive acupuncture in 24 hours after model making and group B, at 8 days after model making. Groups C and D were not given acupuncture. Every group of animals was sacrificed at 21 days after model making. Nerve cell apoptosis was examined using In situ end labeling (TUNEL) technique. Cerebral expressions of PI3K, AKt and Caspase-3 proteins were determined by immunohistochemical method.Results The number of apoptotic cells was significantly smaller in groups A and B than in group C (P<0.01,P<0.05) and decreased significantly in group A compared with group B (P<0.05). The expressions of PI3K and AKt proteins increased significantly and the expression of Caspase-3 protein decreased significantly in groups A and B compared with group C; there were statistically significant differences (P<0.01,P<0.05). PI3K expression increased significantly and Caspase-3 protein expression decreased significantly in group A compared with group B (P<0.05); there were statistically significant differences (P<0.05).Conclusions Zhu Lian acupuncture exciting method can inhibit nerve cell apoptosis, stimulate the expression of PI3K/AKt signaling pathway, increase PI3K and AKt activities and reduce the expression of Caspase-3 protein in young rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Early intervention of Zhu Lian acupuncture exciting method is of important significance in producing a protective effect on brain nerves in young rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage.
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Exposure to stress and undernutrition alone are important risk factors in the development of neurobehavioral disorders. However, few studies focus on how chronic postnatal stress affects adaptive behavioral response to undernutrition in utero. OBJECTIVE: to investigate whether chronic postnatal stress exposure constitutes a risk factor in addition to undernutrition in utero to developing neurobehavioral disorders in young rats. METHODS: we evaluated the overall activity in the Open Field, and anxiety in the Elevated Plus Maze of male Wistar rats (35 days) from dams submitted or not to food restriction (50%) throughout pregnancy and exposed or not to restraint stress (single sections 1 h/day, 5 days/week for 2 weeks from weaning). RESULTS: postnatal stress and undernutrition in utero, alone and in combination, did not cause changes to the young rats behavior, except for a decrease of locomotion in the central and middle zone of the Open Field in the offsprings subjected to undernutrition in utero. The postnatal stress, alone and in combination, did not change the activity in Elevated Plus Maze. However, the time spent in the open arms decreased while the time in the closed arms increased in undernourished rats in utero. The anxiety index was decreased by undernutrition in utero. CONCLUSION: the absence of behavioral changes in young rats exposed to undernutrition in utero in association with chronic postnatal stress suggests that the physiological changes that lead to anxiogenic condition induced by undernutrition in utero alone take place mainly during the postnatal development
Exposição ao estresse e desnutrição, isoladamente, são importantes fatores de risco no desenvolvimento de transtornos neurocomportamentais. Entretanto, poucos estudos focam como o estresse pós-natal crônico afeta a resposta comportamental adaptativa à desnutrição in utero. OBJETIVO: investigar se a exposição pós-natal crônica ao estresse constitui-se em fator de risco adicional à desnutrição in utero para o desenvolvimento de transtornos neurocomportamentais em ratos jovens. MÉTODOS: avaliou-se a atividade geral, em Campo Aberto, e a ansiedade, no Labirinto em Cruz Elevado, de ratos machos Wistar (35 dias) provenientes de ratas submetidas ou não à restrição alimentar (50%) durante toda a prenhez, e expostos ou não ao estresse de contenção (seções únicas 1 h/dia, 5 dias/semana, durante 2 semanas a partir do desmame). RESULTADOS: o estresse pós-natal e a desnutrição in utero, isoladamente e em associação, não determinaram alterações no comportamento de ratos jovens, exceto pela diminuição da locomoção na zona central e mediana do Campo Aberto em proles submetidas à desnutrição in utero. O estresse pós-natal, isoladamente e em associação, não alterou a atividade no Labirinto em Cruz Elevado. Entretanto, o tempo de permanência nos braços abertos diminuiu enquanto o tempo nos braços fechados aumentou em ratos desnutridos in utero. O índice de ansiedade foi diminuído pela desnutrição in utero. CONCLUSÃO: a ausência de alterações comportamentais em ratos jovens expostos à desnutrição in utero em associação ao estresse pós-natal crônico sugere que as alterações fisiológicas que levam à condição ansiogênica induzida pela desnutrição in utero, isoladamente, têm lugar principalmente durante o desenvolvimento pós-natal